工厂模式主要是为创建对象提供过渡接口,以便将创建对象的具体过程屏蔽隔离起来,达到提高灵活性的目的。
在下面的章节中,我们将展示如何使用工厂模式来创建对象。
由工厂模式创建的对象将是形状的物体,如圆形,矩形。
首先,我们设计代表形状的接口。
public interface Shape { void draw(); }
然后,我们创建具体的类实现该接口。
Rectangle.java
public class Rectangle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method."); } }
Square.java
public class Rectangle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method."); } }
Circle.java
public class Rectangle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method."); } }
核心工厂模式是工厂类。下面的代码演示如何创建一个工厂类Shape对象。
该ShapeFactory类创建基于传递到getShape()方法的字符串值Shape对象。如果字符串值是圆,它会创建一个Circle对象。
public class ShapeFactory { //use getShape method to get object of type shape public Shape getShape(String shapeType){ if(shapeType == null){ return null; } if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){ return new Circle(); } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){ return new Rectangle(); } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){ return new Square(); } return null; } }
下面的代码有mian方法,它采用工厂类传递一个信息,如类型,以获得具体类的对象。
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ShapeFactory shapeFactory = new ShapeFactory(); //get an object of Circle and call its draw method. Shape shape1 = shapeFactory.getShape("CIRCLE"); //call draw method of Circle shape1.draw(); //get an object of Rectangle and call its draw method. Shape shape2 = shapeFactory.getShape("RECTANGLE"); //call draw method of Rectangle shape2.draw(); //get an object of Square and call its draw method. Shape shape3 = shapeFactory.getShape("SQUARE"); //call draw method of circle shape3.draw(); } }