在写使用Java时,难免会有一些模板代码要写,不然get/set,toString, hashCode, close 资源,定义构造函数等等。代码会显得很冗余,很长。Lombok项目可以是我们摆脱这些东西,通过一系列的注解,Lombok可以帮我们自动生成这些函数。
Lombok 官网地址:https://projectlombok.org/
参考文档:https://projectlombok.org/features/index.html
1. 安装
到官网下载 lombok.jar,直接双击,按照提示进行操作,就可以在eclipse中安装成功。
如果使用maven时,则需要引入依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.4</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
如果需要用javac或者其他命令工具编译java类,则需要将 lombok.jar放入classpath.
2. 使用方法 (文档:https://projectlombok.org/features/index.html)
1> @Getter/@Setter, 注解在一个pojo类上,会在编译时,帮我们自动生成get/set函数。
2> @ToString 注解在类上,编译时,帮我们生成包括所有field的toString函数;
3> @EqualsAndHashCode, 编译时,帮我们生成equlas 和hashCode函数;
4> @Cleanup, 注解在一些资源对象的定义上,可以帮我们自动调用它们的close()函数;这个很有帮助;
5> @NoArgsContructor,@RequireArgsContructor, @AllArgsContructor,分别帮我们生成无参数构造函数,每一个非Null的field的构造函数,所有field参数的构造函数;
6> @Data,All together now: A shortcut for @ToString
, @EqualsAndHashCode
, @Getter
on all fields, and @Setter
on all non-final fields, and @RequiredArgsConstructor
! (等价于:@ToString
, @EqualsAndHashCode
, @Getter
, @Setter
, @RequiredArgsConstructor
)
更多的注解,参见https://projectlombok.org/features/index.html
3. 例子
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Test { private int id; private String name; private String password; public static void main(String[] args) { Test test = new Test(1, "test", "password"); System.out.println(test); System.out.println(test.getName()); } }
结果:
Test(id=1, name=test, password=password)
test
通过@Data, @AllArgsConstructor,@NoArgsConstructor 三个注解自动 生成了 Test 的全field参数的构造函数,自动生成了 toString(), get/set函数等等。
再看一例:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ @Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream("/home/a.txt"); @Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/home/b.txt"); byte[] b = new byte[10000]; while (true) { int r = in.read(b); if (r == -1) break; out.write(b, 0, r); } }
@Cleanup自动帮我们调用 close() 方法进行关闭资源。
You can use @Cleanup
to ensure a given resource is automatically cleaned up before the code execution path exits your current scope. You do this by annotating any local variable declaration with the @Cleanup
annotation like so:
@Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream("some/file");
As a result, at the end of the scope you're in, in.close()
is called. This call is guaranteed to run by way of a
try/finally construct.
If the type of object you'd like to cleanup does not have a close()
method, but some other no-argument method, you can
specify the name of this method like so:
@Cleanup("dispose") org.eclipse.swt.widgets.CoolBar bar = new CoolBar(parent, 0);
By default, the cleanup method is presumed to be close()
. A cleanup method that takes 1 or more arguments cannot be called via
@Cleanup
.
@Cleanup是通过 try/finally 实现的,如果资源的关闭方法不是默认的close(),那么也可以指定关闭方法的名称@Cleanup("closeMethod"), 但是关闭方法不能有参数,不然就无法使用 @Cleanup了。
更多的 参考 https://projectlombok.org/features/index.html
通过使用 Lombok,可以减少很多的 Java 代码的,减轻了心理负担。